사업상 경비를 증명하는 방법(How to Prove Business Expenses)

Generally, you cannot deduct amounts that you approximate or estimate. You should keep proper records to prove your expenses or have sufficient evidence that will support your own statement. You must generally prepare a written record for it to be considered Proper. This is because written evidence is more reliable than oral evidence alone. However, if you prepare a record on a computer, it is considered a proper record.

What Are Proper Records?  You should keep the proof you need in a log, account book, diary, statement of expense, or similar record. You should also keep documentary evidence that, together with your record, will support each element of an expense.You generally must have documentary evidence, such as receipts, canceled checks, or bills, to support your expenses.

         Exception.   Documentary evidence is not needed if any of the following conditions apply.

·     You have meals or lodging expenses while traveling away from home for which you account to your employer under an accountable plan, and you use a per diem allowance method that includes meals and/or lodging. (Accountable plans and per diem allowances)

·     Your expense, other than lodging, is less than $75.

·     You have a transportation expense for which a receipt is not readily available.

Proper evidence.   Documentary evidence ordinarily will be considered Proper if it shows the amount, date, place, and essential character of the expense.  For example, a hotel receipt is enough to support expenses for business travel if it has all of the following information.

·     The name and location of the hotel.

·     The dates you stayed there.

·     Separate amounts for charges such as lodging, meals, and telephone calls.

A restaurant receipt is enough to prove an expense for a business meal if it has all of the following information.

·     The name and location of the restaurant.

·     The number of people served.

·     The date and amount of the expense.

A cleared check, together with a bill from the vendor, ordinarily establishes the cost.  However, a canceled check by itself does not prove a business expense without other evidence to show that it was for a business purpose.

Timely-kept records.   You should record the expense at or near the time of the expense use and support it with sufficient documentation. A timely-kept record has more value than a statement prepared later when generally there is a lack of accurate recall.  If you maintain a log, diary or account book on a weekly basis that is sufficient and considered a timely-kept record.

What If I Have Incomplete Records? If you do not have complete records to prove that an expense was for business purpose, the following would be required:

·     Your own written or oral statement containing specific information about the specific expense, and

·     Other supporting evidence that is sufficient to establish the business purpose.

This chart should help you with understanding it better.

Exceptional circumstances.   If you cannot produce a receipt because of reasons beyond your control, you can prove a deduction by reconstructing your records or expenses. Reasons beyond your control include fire, flood, and other casualty.

Separating expenses.  Each separate payment is generally considered a separate expense. For example, if you entertain a customer or client at dinner and then go to the theater, the dinner expense and the cost of the theater tickets are two separate expenses. You must record them separately in your records.

Combining items.  You can make one daily entry in your record for reasonable categories of expenses. Examples are taxi fares, telephone calls, or other incidental travel costs. Meals should be in a separate category. You can include tips for meal-related services with the costs of the meals.

Car expenses.  You can account for several uses of your car that can be considered part of a single use, such as a round trip or uninterrupted business use, with a single record. Minimal personal use, such as a stop for lunch on the way between two business stops, is not an interruption of business use.

Allocating total cost.  If you can prove the total cost of travel or entertainment but you cannot prove how much it cost for each person who participated in the event, you may have to allocate the total cost among you and your guests on a pro rata basis. To do so, you must establish the number of persons who participated in the event.

If your return is examined.  If your return is examined, you may have to provide additional information to the IRS. This information could be needed to clarify or to establish the accuracy or reliability of information contained in your records, statements, testimony, or documentary evidence before a deduction is allowed.

How Long To Keep Records and Receipts? You must keep records as long as they may be needed for the administration of any provision of the Internal Revenue Code. Generally, this means you must keep records that support your deduction (or an item of income) for 3 years from the date you file the income tax return on which the deduction is claimed. A return filed early is considered filed on the due date. For a more complete explanation of how long to keep records, see Publication 583.